In the mid-19th century, traditional curricula often centered on classical Greek and Latin texts and preparation for universities – which were both hierarchical and exclusive by design. In response,
progressive education began to emerge in the late 1800s, championed by educational reformers from
John Dewey to
Caroline Pratt. In progressive schools, learning could be active and hands-on, collaborative and student-driven – and deeply engaged with contemporary society.
In the 21st century, progressive education "engages students as active participants in their learning and in society [...] responds to contemporary issues from a progressive educational perspective [and] promotes diversity, equity, and justice" (
Progressive Education Network).